NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination

Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination

Intext Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination

1.

Ans: Reflex actions represent the automatic responses that manifest in reaction to various stimuli. These phenomena transpire independently of the conscious regions of the brain. All reflex actions occur without conscious awareness. Reflex action encompasses the intricate functions of the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system.

Conversely, voluntary actions are those that transpire under the governance of the cerebellum within the brain. The acquisition of walking occurs as we develop over time. Ambulation is governed by cerebral processes and is deliberately employed as needed.

2.

Ans: As soon as a nerve impulse hits the end of an axon, neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, are released.

The axon-dendrite junction is where neurotransmitters go from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of the next cell. This spot between nerve cells is called a synapse.

It’s possible for the nerve impulse to get to the target spot because neurotransmitters bind to the membranes of the dendrites. (cells of muscle)

3.

Ans: The cerebellum, an integral component of the brain, plays a crucial role in the regulation of motor functions. Consequently, it is the component responsible for the preservation of posture and the balance of the body.

4.

Ans: The scent of agarbatti (incense stick) fills the air. It is picked up by the nose’s olfactory receptors. This information is sent to olfactory lobe by sensory nerves located in the forebrain. It replies to the information received.

5.

Ans: Humans react instantly to changes in their surroundings through reflex action. Motor neurons regulate muscle activity, whereas sensory nerves pick up stimuli. In a reflex arc, effectors react rapidly to a signal received by receptors. Receptors and effectors use the reflex arc to communicate during reflex activities. Sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for signaling. Although they originate in the spinal cord, reflex arcs transmit information to the brain. The brain only knows the signal and the response. This information is stored in brain memory. This aids in reaction training. But the response is not generated by the brain.

6.

Ans: Plant hormones are referred to as phytohormones. Plant hormones are chemical substances that regulate growth, flowering, height, development, and environmental responses in plants.  The various types of phytohormones include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene.

7.

Ans:

Movement of leaves of sensitive plant	Movement of a shoot towards light
1. It is a nastic movement that is independent of the stimulus’s direction.	1. The direction of the applied stimulus determines the tropic movement.
2. Touch is the stimulation.	2. Light is the stimulus.3. The uneven growth on the two sides of the shoot is the cause.
3. The abrupt loss of water from the swellings at the base of the leaves is the cause.	3. The uneven growth on the two sides of the shoot is the cause.
4. It’s not a movement for growth.	4. The movement is a growth movement.

8.

Ans: Auxin

9.

Ans: Auxin is a plant growth hormone that is made at the tip of the shoot. It helps the cells at the tips of the shoots get longer. When a tendril hits a support, auxin makes cells on the other side grow faster. This makes the growth uneven on both sides of the tendril. This makes the tendril wind around the base. Because of this, as the strands wrap around the support, they look like a watch spring.

10.

Ans: To show hydrotropism in plants.

Procedure:

1. Place a seedling in a vase containing soil.
2. Place a permeable container filled with water next to the seedling.
3. Leave the setup for a few days.

Observation:

Examining the roots reveals that they bend towards the source of water and do not grow straight.

Result:

It confirms that plants exhibit hydrotropism, since their roots bend towards the porous pot of water. Hydrotropism is a plant growth response in which the direction of growth is influenced by a water concentration gradient.

11.

Ans: Chemical coordination in animals occurs via hormones released by the endocrine glands. In animals, coordination occurs through both the hormone and neurological systems, known as the endocrine system. Endocrine glands produce animal hormones straight into the bloodstream, where they reach specific cells. Special molecules on the surface of cells detect these hormones. These cells respond to the information contained in a certain hormone.

12.

Ans: It is best to use iodized salt since the thyroid gland needs iodine to make the hormone thyroxin. Thyroxin hormone regulates all metabolic processes in the body, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. A lack of thyroxin causes a disorder called goitre.

13.

Ans: Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively. Adrenaline stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. It prepares the body for any event that might occur. Adrenaline secretion causes fear, perspiration, and shivering, among other bodily reactions. All of these responses increase oxygen delivery to muscular tissues for breathing, releasing more energy for flight or fight. As a result, adrenaline enables the body to cope with any stress or calamity. As a result, it is often called the “emergency hormone.”

14.

Ans: The insulin hormone regulates blood sugar levels. If this is not secreted in the appropriate levels, the blood sugar level rises. This has many negative consequences.
Diabetic patients are treated with insulin injections to alleviate the negative effects of high blood sugar levels.

Exercise Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination

1.

Ans: (d) Cytokinin

2.

Ans: (b) Synapse

3.

Ans: (b) All of the above

4.

Ans: Specialized cells called receptors are found in the skin, tongue, eyes, nose, and ears, among other sense organs. Receptors are used to pick up information from their surroundings. Olfactory receptors, for instance, pick up scent. The brain or spinal cord will not receive information from the environment as quickly if receptors are malfunctioning. The body will suffer damage as a result of the delayed reaction to the external stimulation. For instance, if a person has damaged skin receptors and inadvertently touches a hot object, their hands may burn because the damaged receptors are unable to sense pain and heat from the environment.

5.

Ans: Nerve cells, or neurons, are the nervous system’s functional components. Axons, cell bodies, and dendrites are the three primary components of neurons.

Dendrite: Information is detected by the dendrite and sent to the cell body.
Cell Body: Preserves the cell’s growth
Axon: Sends signals to the subsequent neuron after carrying messages out of the cell body.

6.

Ans: Phototropism is the movement caused by light in any portion of a plant. Plants exhibit negative phototropism in their roots and positive phototropism in their shoots.
The hormone auxin is responsible for phototropism in plants. When one side of a plant receives light, the side that is not exposed to the light secretes more auxin hormone. As a result, auxin makes the cells in the shaded area longer. The plant so seems to bend in the direction of the light.

7.

Ans: An injury to the spinal cord will prevent any and all nerve signals from reaching the brain. This will influence how the brain receives impulses from receptors and how the brain responds to effectors, especially motor neurons.

8.

Ans: Hormones are a type of chemical substance that regulates and coordinates plant growth, development, and environmental responses. Hormones are created in one section of the plant and transported throughout the plant. Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene are the five major categories of phytohormones. These phytohormones either stimulate growth (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and ethylene) or inhibit growth (abscisic acid).

9.

Ans: For the following purposes, an organism requires a control and coordination system:

1. To protect the organisms’ bodies from damaging environmental changes.
2. To regulate the rate of both involuntary and voluntary movements.
3. To be able to learn and think in order to react to any stimuli.

10.

Ans:

Reflex actions	Involuntary actions
1. Quick, instinctive reactions to a stimulus that don’t require conscious brain activity.	1. Takes place without an organism’s awareness.
2. Spinal cord-controlled.	2. Managed by the medulla oblongata or midbrain.
3. Extremely rapid and immediate.	3. A little more slowly.
4. Any muscle or gland may be affected.	4. Only smooth muscles are used.
5. Examples include salivation and eye blinking.	5. Examples are blood circulation and heartbeat.

11.

Ans:

Nervous mechanism	Hormonal mechanism
It is a rapid procedure.	It is a gradual process.
Arteries and organs are impacted.	It influences the intended organ.
It transmits in an electrochemical form.	It is transmitted in a chemical form.
It does not regulate metabolism.	It regulates metabolism.
Growth is unaffected.	Growth is influenced.

12.

Ans:

Movement in sensitive plants	Movement in our legs
1. The movement observed in a sensitive plant constitutes a reaction to a stimulus, specifically touch, which occurs as an involuntary response.	1. The motion of our legs constitutes a deliberate act of will.
2. There exists no distinct tissue dedicated to the transfer of information. Furthermore	2. A comprehensive system comprising the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system exists for the exchange of information.
3. plant cells lack specialized proteins that facilitate movement.	3. Animal cells possess specialized proteins that facilitate the contraction of muscles.

Related Study Resources of Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination

Students can use the links below to get extra study materials for Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Control and Coordination.

Sl No.	Related Links
1	Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Control and Coordination – Important Questions
2	Class 10 Science Chapter 6 NCERT Textbook

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