NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 – Carbon and its
Compounds

Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

Intext Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

1.

Ans:

2.

Ans:

3.

Ans: There are Three structural isomers that can be draw from pentane they are: n-pentane, iso-pentane and neo-pentane.

4.

The following are two characteristics of carbon that contribute to the vast quantity of carbon compounds we encounter in our environment:

1. In actuality, carbon contains a large number of valence electrons—six.
2. Carbon atoms and many others, including oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur,  hydrogen, etc., readily form covalent bonds.

5.

Ans: C₅H₁₀(cyclopentane)

6.

Ans:

7.

Ans:

1. Bromoethane
2. Methanal or Formaldehyde
3. 1 – Hexyne

8.

Ans: Since the addition of oxygen to a substance is known as oxidation, the conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is an example of an oxidation reaction. Here, an oxidizing agent, such as acidified potassium dichromate or alkaline potassium permanganate, adds oxygen to ethanol, causing it to change into acid.

9.

Ans: Because ethyne is unsaturated, it produces a sooty flame when burned in the air. When ethyne and oxygen are burned together, full combustion results in a clear flame at a temperature of 2500°C. For welding, an oxy-acetylene flame is utilized. A mixture of ethyne and air is not employed since it is difficult to reach this high of a temperature without combining oxygen.

10.

Ans: Alcohols do not produce the carbon dioxide gas that renders lime water milky when carboxylic acids react with sodium carbonate. It is possible to differentiate between alcohol and carboxylic acid with this technique.

The carboxylic acid and sodium carbonate’s reaction:

11.

Ans: In a redox reaction, an oxidizing agent is a reactant that takes electrons away from other reactants. For instance, acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)

12.

Ans: No, because detergents can create a good lather even in hard water. They do not create insoluble salts of calcium or magnesium (scum). Upon interaction with the calcium ions and magnesium ions found in hard water.

13.

Ans: Agitation is important to get clean garments because it helps soap micelles trap oil, grease, and other impurities that need to be removed. When they are beaten or agitated, the particles are taken from the surfaces of the clothing and deposited in the water, cleaning them.

Exercise Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

1.

Ans: (c) 7 covalent bonds.

2.

Ans: (c) Ketone.

3.

Ans: (b) The fuel is not burning completely.

4.

Ans: In nature, carbon is tetravalent. There are four electrons in the outermost shell of carbon. It takes more energy to remove these electrons and more energy to get the four electrons. Carbon must share its four electrons with other carbon atoms or with other atoms in order to complete the octet. Three bonds are formed between carbon and hydrogen, and one with chlorine.

5.

Ans:

6.

Ans: A group of substances with the same functional group is called a homologous series. This has comparable chemical properties and a generic formula as well. We can say that there would be an increase in molecular size and mass because of the change in physical attributes.

7.

Ans:

8.

Ans: When soap is put to water, micelle formation occurs because the ionic ends of the soap molecules are hydrophilic (attractive to water) and thus soluble in it, whereas the hydrocarbon chains of the soap molecules are hydrophobic (repellent to water).
Other solvents, such as ethanol, where the sodium salt of fatty acids does not dissolve, will not allow for the creation of such micelles.

9.

Ans: Carbon and its derivatives serve as the primary fuels for numerous applications due to their elevated calorific values and substantial energy output. A majority of carbon compounds release significant amounts of heat and light upon combustion in the atmosphere.

10.

Ans: Soaps are the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. Hard water comprises calcium and magnesium in the form of chlorides and sulfates. The addition of soap to hard water results in reduced lather formation, indicating that a portion of the soap remains unutilized. This insoluble salt is referred to as scum.

11.

Ans: Due to the basic nature of soap, blue litmus stays the same whereas red litmus turns blue.

12.

Ans: The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated compounds is referred to as hydrogenation. This is an addition reaction facilitated by the presence of Ni, Pt, or Pd as catalysts. Unsaturated compounds undergo conversion to form saturated compounds. In this process, vegetable oil undergoes a transformation into ghee.

13.

Ans: Unsaturated hydrocarbons participate in addition reactions. C₃H₆ and C₂H₂ are unsaturated hydrocarbons that participate in addition reactions.

14.

Ans: While cooking oil is an unsaturated carbon compound, butter is a saturated carbon compound. Bromine water can be decolored by an unsaturated molecule, but not by a saturated one. Thus, the bromine water allows us to chemically differentiate between butter and cooking oil. In separate test tubes, combine a small amount of butter and frying oil with bromine water.

1. Bromine water becomes decolorized by cooking oil, indicating that it is an unsaturated substance.
2. The fact that butter does not discolor bromine water indicates that it is a saturated substance.

15.

Ans: The hydrocarbon end of the soap molecules in the micelle clings to the oil or grease particles on the surface of the filthy fabric when it is submerged in water with dissolved soap. In this manner, the soap micelle uses its hydrocarbon endings to trap the greasy or oily particles. However, the micelles’ soap molecules’ ionic ends stay connected to the water. The oily and greasy particles on the cloth’s surface that are trapped by soap micelles are released into the water when the dirty fabric is stirred in soap solution, which causes the soap water to get soiled while the cloth is cleaned. Rinsing the cloth several times in clean water thoroughly cleans it.

Related Study Resources of Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

Students can use the links below to get extra study materials for Class 10 Science Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds.

Sl No.	Related Links
1	Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds – Important Questions
2	Class 10 Science Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook

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