NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

Intext Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

1.

Ans:

(i) Mercury

(ii) Sodium and potassium

(iii) Silver

(iv) Mercury and lead

2.

Ans:

Malleable: The capacity of a metal to be pounded into thin sheets is referred to as malleability, and the metal itself is so called.
Ductile: A metal is said to be ductile if there is a property that allows it to be pounded into thin wire or pipes.

3.

Ans: One metal that is reactive is sodium. It will react with oxygen to explode and burn if left exposed. So that it doesn’t mix with oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide in the air, sodium metal is kept submerged in kerosene.

4.

Ans: (i) When iron and steam combine, H2 is released and a magnetic oxide of iron is created.

(ii) Calcium hydroxide and hydrogen are produced when calcium and water react.

Potassium and cold water react aggressively right away, producing H2 that ignites.

5.

Ans:

1. Displacement reaction with iron (II) sulfate makes metal B the most reactive.
2. When metal B is put to copper (II) sulfate solution, a displacement reaction will occur, fading the blue color and forming a red-brown copper deposit on metal B.
3. The most reactive metal is B, which displaces iron from its salt solution. Metal A displaces copper from its salt solution, making it less reactive. Metal C is less reactive since it can only displace silver from its salt solution, and metal D is the least reactive because it cannot displace any metal. In decreasing sequence of reactivity, metals are B > A > C > D.

6.

Ans: When a reactive metal is exposed to diluted hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced.
Iron (II) sulfate is created when iron and diluted H2SO4 react, resulting in the production of hydrogen gas.

7.

Ans: Compared to iron, zinc is more reactive. Due to the creation of a colorless zinc sulphate solution and the deposition of iron metal on zinc, the greenish color of an iron (II) sulfate solution progressively disappears when zinc is added.

8.

Ans:

9.

Ans: Ionic compounds are stiff and densely packed because of the strong electrostatic force between their molecules. Ionic compounds have high melting points as a result of this close packing.

10.

Ans:

1. Minerals are naturally occurring substances, usually referred to as  elements, found in the Earth’s crust. For example, alum and potassium sulfate (K2SO4). Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O, etc.
2. Ores are minerals from which metals can be mined. Example: Bauxite Al₂O₃. 2H₂O is the ore of aluminum, while copper pyrite is represented as CuFeS₂. Not all minerals qualify as ores, yet all ores are classified as minerals.
3. Ores extracted from the soil are inherently polluted with sand and rocky elements. The ore contains impurities referred to as gangue.

11.

Ans: Gold and platinum

12.

Ans: The electrolysis procedure reduces more reactive metals. Carbon or carbon monoxide can both degrade moderately reactive metals. Either highly reactive metals can displace the metals from their oxides or appropriate reducing agents, like carbon, can be used to decrease metal oxides. For instance, heating zinc oxide with carbon reduces it to metallic zinc.

13.

Ans:

14.

Ans: Silver, Gold and Platinum

15.

Ans: A homogenous combination of two metals or metals and non-metals is called an alloy. Melting, combining, and finally solidifying the metals into an alloy is how they are created.

Eg: Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Exercise Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

1.

Ans: (d) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal.

2.

Ans: (c) Applying a coating of zinc.

3.

Ans: (a) calcium

4.

Ans: (c) zinc is more reactive than tin.

5.

Ans:

1. Because metals are pliable, they can be readily smashed into sheets by hammering. However, non-metals break down when beaten and cannot be made into sheets because they are not malleable. When you connect metal to a battery, wire, and lightbulb, it creates a bulb because metals are good electrical conductors. In a similar vein, non-metals that are poor electrical conductors will not ignite the bulb when connected to a wire and battery.
2. These tests can be useful in illustrating the metals’ and non-metals’ malleability and electrical conductivity.

6.

Ans: Oxides that exhibit both acidic and basic properties are referred to as amphoteric oxides.
Examples include aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO).

7.

Ans: Since iron and aluminium are more reactive than hydrogen, they will displace hydrogen from diluted acids. Since copper and mercury are less reactive than hydrogen, they cannot remove hydrogen from diluted acids.

8.

Ans:

9.

Ans:

1. Sulfur dioxide is made when sulfur powder is burned in air.

1. Sulfur dioxide doesn’t change the way dry litmus paper works.
2. Sulfur dioxide This will change the wet litmus paper from blue to red when SO₂ comes in contact with water.

10.

Ans:

1. Applying rust-proof paint to the iron’s surface will stop it from rusting.
2. Applying oil or grease to iron objects’ surfaces will keep them from coming into touch with moisture-containing air.

11.

Ans: When non-metals react with oxygen, they create acidic oxides, which then react with water to form an acidic solution.

12.

Ans:

1. Due to their malleability and ductility, platinum, gold, and silver are utilized to create jewellery. These have a high level of corrosion resistance.
2. When exposed to oxygen, sodium, potassium, and lithium ignite due to their high reactivity. Their high reactivity and low ignition temperature are the causes of this.
3. The surface of aluminium develops a non-reactive coating of aluminium oxide. This layer stops aluminium from reacting with other materials. For this reason, cooking utensils are made of aluminium.
4. Reducing a metal oxide to a free metal is simpler. The carbonate and sulphide ores are first transformed into oxides in order to recover the metals since it is simpler to acquire metals from their oxides than from their carbonates or sulphides directly.

13.

Ans: Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air to produce copper carbonate. Consequently, the lustrous brown surface of the copper vessel is replaced by a green layer of copper carbonate. The layer is dissolved by the citric acid in the lemon or tamarind, which neutralizes the basis copper carbonate. Consequently, in order to restore the copper vessel’s distinctive luster, it is washed with lemon or tamarind juice.

14.

Ans:

15.

Ans: Aqua regia was the solution he employed. ‘Royal Water’ is the meaning of the Latin term aqua regia. It is a 3:1 mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is capable of disintegrating metals such as gold and platinum. The weight of the gold bracelets was significantly reduced as a result of the dissolution of the outer layer in aqua regia.

16.

Ans: Copper does not react with cold water, boiling water, or steam. However, iron reacts to steam. If the hot water tanks are composed of steel (an iron alloy), iron will react violently with the steam produced by hot water.

This is why hot water tanks are made of copper rather than steel.

Related Study Resources of Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

Students can use the links below to get extra study materials for Class 10 Science Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals.

Sl No.	Related Links
1	Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals – Important Questions
2	Class 10 Science Chapter 3 NCERT Textbook

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