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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
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Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
Intext Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
1.
Ans: (i) Insert the red litmus paper, one by one, into each test tube. A basic solution will be the one that turns red litmus blue. The acidic solution can now be tested using the blue litmus paper that was created here.
(ii) Fill the other two test tubes, one after the other, with the blue litmus paper that was obtained previously. The acidic solution is the one that causes the blue litmus paper to become red.
(iii) Distilled water is the solution that is neutral and has no effect on any litmus paper.
2.
Ans: Lactic acid is found in curd, and other sour foods also include certain acids. Therefore, the acid in curd and sour things reacts with the metal when they are stored in brass and copper jars, releasing hydrogen gas and other toxic chemicals that cause the food to decay.
3.
Ans: When an acid reacts with any metal, salt and hydrogen gas are produced.
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas
4.
Ans: Calcium carbonate is a metal compound that produces calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water when it combines with diluted hydrochloric acid. A burning candle can be extinguished by the carbon dioxide created since it will cut off the oxygen supply. The reaction’s balanced chemical equation is:
5.
Ans: When an H+ ion is released in water, a chemical becomes either acidic or non-acidic. When acids mix with water, they break down and make hydrogen ions. Certain substances have an acidic nature when they separate in an aqueous solution, producing hydrogen ions (acids such as HCl and HNO3).
Although they do contain a hydrogen atom, compounds that resemble glucose or alcohol do not exhibit any acidic properties. The hydrogen in them won’t break apart like the hydrogen in acids. When they dissolve in water, they won’t split into hydrogen ions.
6.
Ans: Acids tend to break down into hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronium ions (H3O+) when they are in water. The solution can carry electricity because the ions are moving around. So, an acid dissolved in water can carry electricity.
7.
Ans: Because HCl does not emit hydrogen ions, it exhibits no acidic behavior, and the color of the litmus paper remains unchanged when reacting with HCl gas.
8.
Ans: Since a lot of heat is released all at once when water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, it is advised that the acid be introduced to the water rather than the other way around. Acid burns can result from splashing acid on one’s face or clothing due to the heat’s explosive transformation of some water into steam.
9.
Ans: There are a set number of hydronium ions per volume of the solution when a specific amount of an acid is introduced to water. Both the concentration and the number of hydronium ions per volume drop with dilution.
10.
Ans: When too much base dissolves in a sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions will rise, but only to a certain extent; beyond that, the concentration will be nearly constant.
11.
Ans: We may utilize the rule that says, “The pH of any solution is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration,” to find the hydrogen ion concentration. So, this indicates that a solution with a lower pH number will have more hydrogen ions. So, solution A will have more hydrogen ions in it. Also, A will be acidic and B will be basic.
12.
Ans: The concentration of hydrogen ions determines the kind of solution. The solution becomes basic if the concentration of hydrogen ions falls, and acidic if the concentration of hydrogen ions rises.
13.
Ans: H+ (aq) ions are present in basic solutions. However, the OH-ions that give them their essential essence are significantly more numerous than these.
14.
Ans: Chalk (calcium carbonate), slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), or quick lime (calcium oxide) are all regarded as suitable bases. In the event that the soil is too acidic for agriculture, the farmer would apply these compounds to the soil to make it more basic.
15.
Ans: Bleaching powder.
16.
Ans: Slaked lime Ca (OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide).
17.
Ans: Sodium carbonate.
18.
Ans: Water and sodium carbonate are produced together with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas when a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated.
19.
Ans:
Exercise Questions with Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
1.
Ans: When the solution reacts with a basic solution (PH greater than 7), litmus paper turns blue, hence the answer is 10. Therefore, the answer is 10.
2.
Ans: (b). The acid HCl in the solution combines with broken eggshells to produce carbon dioxide, a gas that gives lime water a milky appearance. Calcium carbonate (base) can be found in egg shells.
3.
Ans: Since 10 ml of NaOH requires 8 ml of HCl, 20 ml of NaOH will require 8 x 2 = 16 ml of HCl. Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) 16mL.
4.
Ans: Indigestion results from the overproduction of acid in the stomach. Medications utilized for the treatment of indigestion are referred to as antacids.
5.
Ans:
6.
Ans: Activity:
a. A cork kept in a 100 mL beaker has two nails on it.
b. Next, a light and a switch are used to connect the nails to the plate ends of a 6-volt battery.
c. Some weak HCl is put into the beaker, and the current is turned on.
d. The trial is then done again, this time with glucose solution and alcohol solution.
Observations:
If you put the bulb in HCl, it lights up, but not if you put it in glucose or alcohol.
Result:
When HCl is mixed with water, it breaks apart into H+ and Cl– ions. These ions move electricity around in the solution, which is what makes the bulb glow. The glucose or alcohol mix, on the other hand, does not break apart into ions. That’s why the bulb doesn’t glow.
Conclusion:
Although hydrogen is present in all acids, not all hydrogen-containing substances are acids.So, glucose and alcohols both have hydrogen in them, but they are not acids.
7.
Ans: Since there are no ionic compounds (such as acids, bases, or salts) dissolved in distilled water, it does not transmit electricity.
Rainwater dissolves the acidic gas carbon dioxide in the air as it descends through the atmosphere to generate carbonic acid (H2CO3). Rainwater contains carbonate ions (CO(aq)32) and hydrogen ions (H+ (aq)) from carbonic acid. Therefore, rainfall conducts electricity because it contains carbonic acid, which gives it ions.
8.
Ans: The existence of hydrogen ions, or [H+ (aq) ions], in acids is what causes their acidic behavior. Only when water is present does the acid produce hydrogen ions. Therefore, an acid will not produce hydrogen ions and will not exhibit its acidic properties in the absence of water.
9.
Ans:
10.
Ans: Test tube A will experience more strong fizzing. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a mild acid, while hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. As a strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution has a significantly higher concentration of hydrogen ions, which causes the fizzing to happen more forcefully in test tube A. The fizzing is caused by the generation of hydrogen gas, which is created when acid reacts with the magnesium ribbon’s metal.
11.
Ans: Fresh milk has a pH of 6. The pH will drop when it turns into curd because curd contains lactic acid, which lowers pH.
12.
Ans: (a) To prevent lactic acid from forming in milk and making it sour, milk is made slightly alkaline.
(b) Because the lactic acid that is generated must first neutralize the alkali in the milk, the alkaline milk takes longer to set into curd.
13.
Ans: Because moisture can cause hydration, which slows down the setting process, plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. The plaster of Paris will eventually become unusable as a result of this.
14.
Ans: A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and base react to produce salt and water as a byproduct.
Examples
15.
Ans: Applications for washing soda:
(i) The paper, soap, and glass industries utilize washing soda.
(ii) It is employed to eliminate the water’s persistent hardness.
Applications for baking soda:
(i) Baking soda is used as an antacid in medications to reduce stomach acidity.
(ii) Baking soda is used to make baking powder, which is used to make bread, cakes, and other baked goods.
Related Study Resources of Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
Students can use the links below to get extra study materials for Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts.
| Sl No. | Related Links |
|---|---|
| 1 | Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts – Important Questions |
| 2 | Class 10 Science Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook |
Download Acids, Bases and Salts NCERT Solutions PDF
You can download the PDF from the link below for offline study
Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Overview
The chapter on acids, bases, and salts is one of the most interesting chapters of Class 10 Chemistry because you see these things virtually every day. The concepts presented here are closely related to your daily life. For example, the sour taste of lemon, the sharp feel of baking soda, and the use of ordinary salt in cuisine. You will learn how to construct chemical equations in a clear and organized fashion as well as comprehend the properties and reactions of acids, bases, and salts by going through our Acids, Bases & Salts NCERT Solutions.
When kids have to balance equations or learn about the pH scale, things get rather hard for them. At first, it may seem abstract, but once you connect the theory to things like soaps, antacids, or even rainwater, it makes a lot more sense. That’s why the solutions are broken down into steps with minor suggestions and examples that have already been solved. This way, you don’t just memorize them; you also learn how to use the ideas. Even hard issues that look like they sprang from a board stop becoming scary after a while.
There have also been some changes to this chapter in the NCERT syllabus for 2025. There are fewer examples now, and more emphasis is on how to use them in real life. For example, the significance of salts like plaster of Paris and bleaching powder is made clearer, and there are reasoning-based questions that link science to everyday life. Our NCERT Solutions for Acids, Bases, and Salts are in line with these changes, so you know exactly what the examiners want.
In the end, getting ready for this chapter isn’t simply about answering the questions. It’s also about getting better at Chemistry and learning how to write your solutions clearly with equations and procedures. These Acids, Bases, and Salts NCERT Solutions can help you build a firm foundation for both board exams and more advanced courses. With enough repetition, the chapter goes from being hard to understand to being one of the parts of your paper that gets you points.
FAQs – Class 10 Science Chapter 2
Think of real-life items: lemon juice, soap, or milk. The solutions explain them in context, so the pH scale stops being just a number.
Yes. These salts are asked often because they connect to everyday life and carry simple but high-scoring questions.
Focus on examples given in the solutions since they explain not only “what” happens but also “why” it happens in daily situations.
Definitely. Acids, bases, and salts are basics you’ll use again in Class 11, 12, and even in entrance exams like NEET or JEE.
Begin with concepts, then work on numerical issues, and eventually do case studies on the balance of payments.